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infrared signature
:''For signature reduction in general see Stealth technology.
The term infrared signature is used by defense scientists and the military to describe the appearance of objects to infrared sensors. An infrared signature depends on many factors, including the shape and size of the object,〔Mahulikar, S.P., Potnuru, S.K., & Kolhe, P.S.: (2007) "Analytical estimation of solid angle subtended by complex well-resolved surfaces for infrared detection studies", ''Applied Optics'', v. 46(22), pp. 4991-4998.〕 temperature〔Mahulikar, S.P., Sane, S.K., Gaitonde, U.N., & Marathe A.G.: (2001) "Numerical studies of infrared signature levels of complete aircraft", ''Aeronautical Journal'', v. 105(1046), pp. 185-192.〕 and emissivity, reflection of external sources (earthshine, sunshine, skyshine) from the object's surface,〔Mahulikar, S.P., Potnuru, S.K., & Rao, G.A.: (2009) Study of sunshine, skyshine, and earthshine for aircraft infrared detection, ''Journal of Optics A: Pure & Applied Optics'', v. 11(4), no. 045703.〕 the background against which it is viewed〔Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P.: (2005) "Effect of atmospheric transmission and radiance on aircraft infrared signatures", ''AIAA Journal of Aircraft'', v. 42(4), pp. 1046-1054.〕 and the waveband of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all-encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field will vary significantly with changing weather, time of day and engine loading.
Two fairly successful examples of defining the infrared signature of an object are the apparent temperature difference at the sensor and the contrast radiant intensity (CRI) definitions.
==Apparent temperature difference==
The apparent temperature difference method of defining infrared signature gives the physical temperature difference (e.g. in kelvin) between the object of interest and the immediate background if the recorded radiance values had been measured from perfect blackbody sources. Problems with this method include differences in radiance across the object or the immediate background and the finite size of the detector's pixels. The value is a complex function of range, time, aspect, etc.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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